Realization of the value attitude of students to the historical and cultural heritage of the region can be, according to the authors, a factor of positive inclusion of the individual both in the socially active work of the region and the state, and in the development of activity in establishing social ties. The work is aimed at studying the pedagogical effective means and forms of organizing productive activities for the development of the historical and cultural heritage of the region by today’s schoolchildren in the context of the formation of a positive Russian identity among them. The study was conducted on the basis of the theoretical analysis of philosophical, cultural, local history, pedagogical sources with the involvement of practical methods (questionnaires, interviews with students, teachers, observation, quantitative and qualitative processing of data). As a result, for pedagogical studies of the phenomenon of the value attitude to the historical and cultural heritage of the native land in the context of the formation of Russian identity, the structure of the phenomenon under consideration was determined, including cognitive-semantic, motivational-value, organizational-activity, reflective-evaluative components; the pedagogical potential of the children's archaeological movement "Return to the Origins" was described as a means of mastering the students' value attitude to the historical and cultural heritage of the region in the context of formation of the Russian identity. The analysis of the experience and results of the archaeological movement “Return to Origins”, from the authors 'point of view, makes it possible to assess it as a unique pedagogical “laboratory”, in which the child is able to be surrounded by natural, historical, religious, cultural, material and social conditions of the evidence of ancestors’ life in the region.