Introduction. Over the past decades, artificial intelligence has been viewed as a powerful tool and driver of the transition to new paradigms of education. The use of educational technologies based on artificial intelligence implies the transformation of the philosophy of education itself. The purpose of the study was to identify the main models of the use of artificial intelligence in education with a description of the relevant theoretical foundations and practical implementations. Methodology and methods. The method of content analysis was used in the work. The theoretical basis of the research was scientific works devoted to various aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in education. Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, IEEE, EBSCO were used as academic databases used for the selection of articles. The selected articles are categorized, the categorization strategy was used to group the articles according to the main theories of learning, such as behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism, complexity theory. Results. The evolution of the use of artificial intelligence in education is presented as a sequence of three successive models. In the first model, artificial intelligence manages cognitive learning, students are recipients of its services; in the second model, the student acts as a partner, artificial intelligence is used to support learning; in the third model, the student is the leader of the process, artificial intelligence expands learning opportunities. Artificial intelligence contributes to the personalization of learning, the creation of smart campuses, the establishment of equity in education, expands the capabilities of teachers, reducing their workload. There are a number of barriers to the introduction of artificial intelligence in education. Most of the developments for training based on artificial intelligence were created without the participation of teachers and use a behavioral learning model. Teachers do not pay due attention to the potential of artificial intelligence, they see it as a threat to their employment.