A new round of development in the professional training of cadets of higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is associated with the emergence of the Federal Law “On Police”, the increased public need for the moral component of this training. Russia has accumulated a sufficient amount of research on moral issues in relation to law enforcement. Systemic studies covering various aspects of professional and moral training of cadets in ministerial universities, taking into account the requirements of the Federal State educational standards and other relevant regulatory documents, is not enough. The research is aimed at studying the role, involvement, and effectiveness of the professional and moral training currently being implemented in high schools of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia based on the opinion of cadets and teachers. The study was carried out in accordance with the target, substantive and technological criteria of the process of professional and moral training of cadets on the basis of content analysis, observation, questioning, self-assessment, survey, interview, expert assessment based on Belgorod and Oryol legal institutions. As a result, the study has revealed the significance and consistency of the professional and moral training of cadets in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the increasing awareness of cadets of its necessity from course to course, the significant role of the educational environment of the university and the moral and psychological training in its effectiveness, as well as the priority of individual personality forms of interaction in its implementation.