Introduction. In preschool years, one of the main centers for the formation of a child's self-esteem is the family. At the same time, the socio-psychological factors of the family can lead to violations in the behavior of children and even to negative phenomena in the formation of their self-esteem. Nevertheless, quite often, when analyzing the reasons for the formation of a child's low self-esteem, the factor of the family environment is underestimated. The purpose of the work: to reveal the level of self-esteem of children of senior preschool age and to clarify the dependence of its formation on family conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 parents (women − mothers of preschool children) and 40 children aged 5 to 7 years, pupils of preschool institutions in the Moscow region, Krasnodar Territory and Sakhalin Region. The following methods were used in the study: the conversation “Tell me about yourself” (A.M. Shchetinina) and the questionnaire of parental attitude (ORA) by A.Ya. Vargi and V.V. Stolin. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 26.0 software. Results. It was established that in older preschool children of the analyzed sample, an average level of self-esteem has been formed with a variable indicator both towards an overestimated self-esteem indicator in a larger proportion of children, and towards an underestimated level of self-esteem in the smallest part of preschool children in the analyzed sample. At the same time, a higher level of self-esteem and its more specific characteristics were noted among boys of older preschool age in comparison with girls of the same age group. The formation of self-esteem directly depends on the composition of the family and parent-child relationships. It is noted that a low level of self-esteem correlates with living in an incomplete family with a parental attitude in the form of a “little loser” style and authoritarian hypersocialization. The formation of an overestimated or adequate level of self-esteem in senior preschool age is facilitated by a complete family with the acceptance of a child, cooperation, or symbiosis (to a lesser extent) as a parental relationship to a preschooler. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the complete family, cooperation and acceptance of the child are a significant predictor of the formation of inflated/adequate children's self-esteem.