Factor models and the need for a system analysis of adolescents' personal characteristics
Introduction. The widely tested R.B. Cattell questionnaires are most often used to describe the personal traits of respondents, and the Big Five questionnaire has been extensively implemented in recent decades. Like a number of other tests, these questionnaires belong to factor models of the structural personality theory, since they were created as a result of repeated factorization of a large number of initial psychological indicators. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the factor personality models features and to show the need for a system analysis of relevant psycho diagnostic data, taking into account the adolescents age characteristics. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on multidimensional psychodiagnostic data from 79 adolescents aged 14-15. Well-established standardised tools were used: the Rogers-Dymond questionnaire for socio-psychological adaptation and the R.B. Cattell 14-factor questionnaire (14-PF) for adolescent respondents. The results of the grouping of personality traits (according to Cattell) by significant factors were compared with the five personality traits of the Big Five questionnaire. The features of using these two psycho diagnostic tools of the personality structural theory in relation to adolescence are analyzed. Results. The results of the Rogers-Dymond test demonstrate that the statistical distribution of indicators of adaptation and maladaptation for the same sample of respondents can vary greatly, despite the fact that they are a linear combination of the initial features. Analysing 14 personality traits according to the Cattell questionnaire enables us to identify five significant factors that describe the typical characteristics of adolescents. It is shown that the comparison and interpretation of significant factors according to the 14-PF questionnaire and the five personality traits of the “Big Five” are ambiguous. This is a fundamental feature of factor personality models (each trait is a combination of many psychological characteristics). Conclusions. The Big Five takes into account the age characteristics of adolescents to a lesser extent than the R.B. Cattell questionnaire. Multidimensional psycho diagnostic data within the framework of factor models require a system analysis, including hierarchical (vertical) and horizontal (assessment of changes in the dynamics of personality development).
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